Virginia 250: How Botetourt County Was Formed

With Virginia and the nation celebrating 250 years of freedom from England in 2026, I thought it might be fun to occasionally bring up some local history. At one time, Botetourt County stretched all the way to the Mississippi and into Wisconsin, which means my county's history is also the history of much of the nation.

Stolen from Wikipedia

Botetourt County began as one of the largest political units ever created in colonial Virginia. Its jurisdiction was so vast it once stretched to the Mississippi River and into parts of Wisconsin. Its story is one of continual subdivision as settlement expanded westward and new counties and even new states emerged.

How Botetourt County Was Formed (1769–1770)

Botetourt County was created by an act of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769, taking effect in 1770, and carved out of the enormous and unwieldy Augusta County. It was named for Norborne Berkeley, Lord Botetourt, the popular royal governor of Virginia. 

The enabling act described Augusta County as too large to administer effectively and divided it along a line beginning at the Blue Ridge and running northwest toward the James River tributaries. Everything south of that line became the new County of Botetourt. 

How Large Botetourt Originally Was

Early Botetourt County was immense. According to both county and tourism historical summaries, when first established it extended from the southern end of the Shenandoah Valley all the way to the Mississippi River and covered all or parts of seven present-day states

Wikipedia corroborates this, noting that Botetourt originally included the southern portion of present-day West Virginia and all of Kentucky. 

This vastness was intentional: the county was meant to serve settlers pushing westward along the Great Road and into the Ohio and Mississippi River watersheds.

How Botetourt Was Reduced Over Time

As population grew and settlement expanded, Botetourt was repeatedly subdivided. The process began almost immediately.

1772: Creation of Fincastle County. Botetourt was reduced to the area east of the New and Kanawha Rivers when Fincastle County was created. 

1792: Kentucky Becomes a State. Most of Fincastle County eventually became Kentucky, admitted to the Union in 1792. Since Fincastle had been carved from Botetourt, this means Botetourt’s original territory contributed directly to the formation of an entire state. 

Other Counties Formed from Botetourt

Over the next decades, additional counties were created from Botetourt’s remaining territory:

Rockbridge County (1778)

Bath County (1791)

Alleghany County (1822)

Roanoke County (1833)

Craig County (1851)

By 1851, Botetourt County had been reduced to its present-day boundaries.

Botetourt County Today

Modern Botetourt County covers 546 square miles, a fraction of its original size. 

Its county seat, Fincastle, was incorporated in 1772 and remains a center of historical preservation and archival records. 

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Sources & References

Genealogy Trails: Botetourt County Virginia Formation (full text of the 1769 act) 

Wikipedia: Botetourt County, Virginia (overview of formation and subdivisions) 

Botetourt County Government: History (extent to the Mississippi River) 

Visit Virginia’s Blue Ridge: History of Botetourt County (seven-state extent) 

Sunday Stealing

1) Are you the sort of person who can nap or sleep anywhere, any time?

A. I can fall asleep in the recliner sometimes watching TV, but I'm not much of a nap person. That might change as I age.

 

2) Have you ever walked in your sleep?

A. I have walked in my sleep. The last time I know that I did it, my father-in-law had passed away, and I got up and started looking in the closet for my husband's suit because I thought it was in the cleaners. My husband woke up and then woke me up and told me I'd told him I was looking for his suit.

 

3) Do you chat with your Uber/Lyft/taxi driver?

A. I have never been in any of those types of vehicles.

4) Do you remember what you did on Valentine's Day?

A. I don't think we did much of anything on Valentine's Day.

 

5) How many laptops have you owned over your lifetime?

A. Four, I think. I have never liked laptops. I don't like the keyboards on them, and I don't like the track ball thing, and I don't like the screens. However, as I got older and my handwriting, was already practically illegible, worsened, I found that I needed to use a keyboard to take notes at meetings and such. That was before you could just record a meeting on your cell phone and run it through a transcriber. Or use an iPad because they hadn't been invented yet. I am so old.

 

6) How many countries have you visited?

A. I have visited four countries, counting the one I live in.

 

7) Did you/will you go to work today?

A. I am retired. However, I do housework every day.

 

Thank you for playing! Please come back next week.

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I encourage you to visit other participants in Sunday Stealing posts and leave a comment. Cheers to all us thieves who love memes, however we come by them.

Saturday 9: Drive My Car

Saturday 9: Drive My Car (1965)

Unfamiliar with this week's tune? Hear it here.

 

1) Who would you allow, without hesitation, to drive your car?

A. My husband, family members, friends. Anyone I know, really. 

 

2) When you're riding in the backseat, do you use your seatbelt?

A. I don't ride in the backseat. I get carsick. 

 

3) In this song, a young girl tells her boyfriend she wants to be a movie star. What were your aspirations when you were in your late teens/early 20's? Did you realize them?

A. I wanted to be a writer, and that's what I did. I also wanted to be a musician, and in my teens, I played in a band, so I guess I did that too.

 

4) The song was reportedly inspired in part by the relationship between popular British singer Cilla Black and her future husband. Cilla wanted him on the record label's payroll, so he became her road manager and driver. Have you ever worked for, or with, someone with whom you were romantically involved?

A. No.

 

5) Although this Beatles song is credited to Lennon-McCartney, it was written mostly by Paul. He recalls showing up at John Lennon's house with the tune ready to go, and lyrics they both agreed were "crap." John gave Paul the car theme, and he took it from there. When has someone recently helped you out of a jam?

A. I can't think of anything recent.

 

6) Paul also handles the lead vocals. When you hear a Beatles record, can you tell which band member is singing lead?

A. Not always, but I can tell it's the Beatles.

7) When it was first released, this record got a lot of attention for the intricate guitar work by Paul and George Harrison. It's got a lot of percussion on it, too, including cowbell and tambourine. Have you ever played either cowbell or tambourine? (Do you think it sounds like fun?)

A. I have played both at one point or another. They're rather boring instruments, frankly.

8) Lava lamps were already popular in England but they weren't introduced to the United States until 1965. Today Walmart carries more than 20 different lava lamps. Have you ever owned one?

A. I think I had one when I was a teenager, but to be honest I'm not sure. I might have just admired them in the window of Spencer's. (Anybody remember Spencer's?)

 

9) Random question: Do you have a recurring dream?

A. I used to have a recurring dream about a bathtub full of blood, but thankfully I no longer have that.

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I encourage you to visit the posts of other participants in Saturday 9 and leave a comment. Because there are no rules, it is your choice. Saturday 9 players hate rules. We love memes, however. 

One for the Short People

The Prompt: Recall a brief interaction with a stranger this week. What was a small moment of human kindness you witnessed or experienced?

On Tuesday, I saw a woman who is a little taller than I am approach a grocery store employee and ask for assistance with something on the highest shelf. The grocery store employee wasn't taller than the woman, but she climbed up the shelves (!) to get what the woman wanted on the top shelf. The customer was very grateful and the employee, in my opinion, very brave. They need a little ladder for short folks. Or at least a step stool.

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Kwizgiver has started a gratitude challenge. I like the idea so I will give it a try. As she states, "The Non-Challenge Gratitude Challenge. This isn't about being perfect. There are no points, no "failing" if you miss a day, and no pressure to perform. It’s just a gentle nudge to look around. I’ll be posting prompts here on the blog, and I’d love for you to join me in the comments--but only if you feel like sharing."

And that's her picture from her blog. I swiped it.

Thursday Thirteen #955

Things that happened (mostly) in Virginia on April 16 -

1. 1780: The General Assembly relocates. On April 16, the Virginia legislature formally moved from Williamsburg to Richmond, shifting the political center of the Commonwealth inland during the Revolutionary War.

2. 1862: Peninsula Campaign tensions rise. Mid‑April saw Confederate forces withdrawing toward Richmond as Union troops advanced. April 16 marked a day of repositioning and uncertainty in the early stages of the campaign.

3. 1862: The Confederate Conscription Act takes effect. April 16 was the date the first national draft in American history went into force, requiring white men 18–35 to serve. Many Virginians were swept into the war by this law.

4. 1864: Battle of Plymouth (North Carolina) begins. Though just across the state line, many Virginia regiments were involved. April 16 marked the opening movements of a battle that would ripple through Tidewater communities.

5. 1906: Norfolk’s streetcar system expands. April 16 saw the announcement of new electric streetcar lines, part of the region’s shift from horse‑drawn transit to modern infrastructure.

6. 1912: The Titanic’s sinking reaches Virginia papers. On April 16, Richmond and Roanoke newspapers carried the first full reports of the disaster, including the names of Virginians aboard.

7. 1947: Shenandoah National Park reopens Skyline Drive sections. Winter closures lifted around April 16, marking the unofficial start of spring tourism in the Blue Ridge.

8. 1951: Richmond’s Byrd Airport expands service. April 16 brought new commercial routes, part of Virginia’s post‑war aviation boom.

9. 1963: Civil rights organizing intensifies in Danville. Mid‑April, including April 16, saw planning meetings that would lead to the Danville Movement’s major demonstrations later that summer.

10. 1978: The James River floods recede. After days of heavy rain, April 16 marked the beginning of cleanup efforts in communities from Botetourt to Richmond.

11. 1993: Virginia Tech’s Lane Stadium expansion approved. On April 16, the university announced plans that would eventually transform the stadium into the powerhouse venue it is today.

12. 1996: NASA Langley begins wind‑tunnel tests for the X‑33 program. On April 16, engineers at Langley Research Center started a major testing phase for the X‑33, part of Virginia’s long-running role in aerospace research and experimental flight.

13. 2007: Virginia Tech. The deadliest school shooting in U.S. history unfolded in Blacksburg. Many of us remember exactly where we were, what the news looked like, and how the numbers kept rising. It remains a day that sits heavily in Virginia’s collective memory.

*An AI tool helped me with this list.*

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Thursday Thirteen is played by lots of people; there is a list here if you want to read other Thursday Thirteens and/or play along. I've been playing for a while, and this is my 955th time to do a list of 13 on a Thursday. Or so sayth the Blogger counter, anyway.

When the Deer Trust You

 

There are two deer right now outside my office window. I've been up and down getting water and doing chores, and they aren't moving. The photos are with my cellphone and that's my curtain and the shoestring I use to pull down a blind in the afternoon when the sun shines in that window showing.

They frequently settle down in the yard like this, but not normally outside of my window.

Currently

Currently, I am:

Reading . . . Mary Johnston, Memoirs, by Mary Johnston and The Atlantic magazine. 

Watching . . . The Voice, which I think has finished its season, some stuff on the History channel, Hacks, and Downton Abbey when we can't find anything else to watch.

Listening . . . to the sound of the air conditioning in the hallway, until I say "Alexa, play some music" and then she coughs up Fleetwood Mac playing "Silver Springs." Not a bad choice.

 
Eating . . . nothing in particular, although I am trying to add more protein to my diet.

Thinking . . . that I have grown old and never saw it coming.

 
Feeling . . . perturbed that the custom orthotics that I paid $$$ for are causing more pain than they are helping, and I will have to go back to see if they can redo them.

Celebrating . . . warmer weather and things turning green.

 
Thankful . . . for my friends who check in on me.

Enjoying . . . a Pepperidge Farm Montauk chocolate chip cookie. 

I swiped this, at least in part, from Stacy. I don't know where she got it, maybe she made it up.

Simply the Best

1. What was the best thing you have ever bought?

A. The best thing I ever bought was a computer. And the first computer I bought myself was a Commodore 64, followed by a Radio Shack Tandy computer. I actually started out on a Commodore Vic 20, but my mother bought that. I was still in high school.

       

2. What was the best book you have ever read?

A. I don't know what book I would consider "the best" book I've ever read. I've read a lot of books I've enjoyed, some that were well written but incredibly boring, and others that felt like guilty pleasures. I'm a very eclectic reader. So far this year, I've read books by C. J. Archer, Harper Lee, Debbie Macomber, Janet Evanovich, S.A. Chakraborty, Stuart Woods, and Louise Penny. 

3. What is the best trip/vacation/holiday you've ever had?

A. One of the best vacations my husband and I went on was a trip to Charlottesville, where we toured Monticello and the University of Virginia campus, and just had a really nice weekend looking at historical things and shopping around downtown.

4. What was the best movie or TV series you've ever watched?

A. The best movie(s) are The Lord of the Rings trilogy, all three are very good. The best TV series is harder to answer.  I thought Cagney & Lacey was an excellent series, but then Hacks is good, and so is Downton Abbey and The Big Bang Theory. And of course, there is MASH and The West Wing. I'm not sure I can pick just one.

These questions came from the Tuesday 4 meme.

Virginia 250: Blacksmiths, Builders of the Nation

With Virginia and the nation celebrating 250 years of freedom from England in 2026, I thought it might be fun to occasionally bring up some local history. At one time, Botetourt County stretched all the way to the Mississippi and into Wisconsin, which means my county's history is also the history of much of the nation.

A version of the following article appeared in 2004 in The Fincastle Herald under my byline.

Blacksmiths were very important and necessary folk during the colonization of America. They were needed to make iron tools, like plowshares, so the hard work of planting and building structures could be completed. 

Farriers were smiths who specialized in shoeing horses. But smiths not only shod horses, they created springs and wheel parts for carriages, made nails, pots, pans, and other utensils. 

The work was done with a hammer and anvil, using iron heated in a fire kept hot by hand-operated bellows. Without blacksmiths to work iron, the settlers could not have moved west as quickly as they did.

Today, mass production methods have all but eliminated most work done by blacksmiths.

In Fincastle, the county seat of Botetourt County, VA, one blacksmith shop still stands. The smell of molten metal and the hiss of fire in water do not echo on the town’s Main Street anymore, but visitors can see the efforts of blacksmiths of old in the Ludwig Wysong Blacksmith Shop museum at Wysong Park.

Imprints from horse hooves are visible in the sidewalk outside of the restored building. Inside, tools of the trade line the walls and two portable forges show how the smithy could haul his trade from place to place if need be.

The museum was dedicated in 1978, a gift to Historic Fincastle, Inc. (HFI) from two brothers: Rufus and Dr. H. D. Wysong. During the 1970s, while researching family history, they became interested in the old shop. It was the last remaining smithy in town, and they purchased it and restored it as a tribute to Fiedt Wysong, their ancestor.

The Wysong brothers partnered with HFI to reconstruct the sagging building. Wysongs from all over the United States donated money, and HFI provided additional funding to help acquire the lot, which is now called the Ludwig Wysong Memorial Park, in honor of Fiedt Wysong’s father. 

The family originally hailed from France and Wales. The Wysongs have traced their roots to 1558, where an early family member named Vincent fled from France to the Rhineland area of Germany to escape religious persecution. There, it is reported, the German pronunciation of the name “Vincent” corrupted it to “Weissanz,” which eventually became Wysong.

Fiedt Wysong (1755-1837) was an early Fincastle settler who owned many properties in town. The museum may not have been his shop – there were several in the area and no one knows which was his.  

But the current building was a working smithy until 1932.

Fincastle Historian Dottie Kessler says Fiedt Wysong operated a blacksmith shop in 1791.

His father, Ludwig Wysong moved to Wales from the Rhineland. He entered the English king’s service and landed in America in 1715. He located to York County, PA and married at age 60. He had 11 children, 7 boys, and 5 of those sons fought on the side of the patriots in the American Revolution, including Fiedt and his brother Valentine, who also lived in Fincastle. In April 1824, the Wysongs lived on the corner of Main Street and Water Street.

HFI members helped the Wysong family clear the lot on the corner of Main Street and US 220, and local attorney Ralph C. Wiegandt and other citizens donated authentic blacksmith tools for exhibit. 

Today, one room of the museum contains benches and furniture, and is called the Wysong Meeting Room. The Wysong family holds reunions in Fincastle occasionally, bringing many hundred visitors to town. The building stands as a museum to the public and a memorial to the Wysong family. The building is open to the public during the Fincastle Festival and by appointment.

Almost 300 people attended the 1978 dedication and reunion, with Wysong representatives from 24 states present. The Wysongs turned the property over to HFI at that time. Mayor Harry Kessler, who was also an HFI member, accepted the deed to the property.

HFI later constructed a new Wysong Blacksmith Shop directly behind the older building. The blacksmith shop, complete with a working forge, cost HFI $30,000 and took two years to construct.

Members hoped to lure a blacksmith to town. However, that did not work out and the building became a source of rental revenue for the non-profit organization until this year, when HFI turned it into its offices.

Information courtesy of Fincastle Historian Dottie Kessler (now deceased) and Historic Fincastle, Inc.

Sunday Stealing

Tell Us Something

1. Can you touch your nose with your tongue?

A. I had to give that a try to see, but no, I cannot do that.

2. What foreign language did you study in school? How much of it do you still remember?

A. I had three years of Spanish and one year of Latin. I remember very little of it. I keep thinking I should return to the Spanish so I can become fluent in it again. When you don't use things like that, they disappear.

3. What recipe did you most recently prepare? Where did you get the recipe and how did it turn out?

A. I hate to cook and I've had a shoulder impingement, so I've not really done much "recipe" cooking of late. I guess the last thing I made was a version of K&W's baked spaghetti. K&W was cafeteria chain, and we liked to eat there. Alas, it has gone out of business, taking its baked spaghetti with it. Their baked spaghetti did not have tomato sauce in it so I could eat it even with stomach ulcers. When we make it at home, we leave out the onions. The recipe makes a good 13" pan full of baked spaghetti and I have discovered it freezes well if you wrap it up in wax paper first.

4. What song have you listened to over and over and over again?

A. When I learn a song on the guitar, I tend to listen to it over and over again to try to get the chords and rhythm right. I don't recall the last song I did that with. It was easier before Amazon messed with Alexa so that now when you ask for a specific song, sometimes you get it, sometimes you don't. Before I could play a song continually until I had it in my head. The last song I really remember doing that with was Comfortably Numb, by Pink Floyd, which I've now since forgotten.

5. Are there currently any pets in your household? Are you considering adding another? 

A. There are no pets in the house. There are about 40 cows and two bulls in the pasture fields, though. We also have a nice bit of wildlife that includes deer, bear, turkey, coyotes, and now a bobcat!

6. As an adult, have you ever performed with a drama group? (Student productions don't count.)

A. I have never performed with a drama group as an adult. I have, however, been involved in drama but that was not theater.

 

Thank you for playing! Please come back next week.

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I encourage you to visit other participants in Sunday Stealing posts and leave a comment. Cheers to all us thieves who love memes, however we come by them.

PS: This is my 630th Sunday Stealing. That's 12.12 years of doing Sunday Stealing.

Saturday 9: Leather and Lace

Saturday 9: Leather and Lace (1981)

Unfamiliar with this week's tune? Hear it here.

1) As you answer these questions, are you wearing leather, lace, or both?

A. I have on Minnetonka moccasins that I use for house shoes that I suppose are of some kind of leather. It says it's a leather upper with faux fur in the shoe.

2) This song is a duet between members of two superstar groups – Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac and Don Henley of The Eagles. Which band do you listen to more often, Fleetwood Mac or The Eagles?

A. I think Alexa tends to play more Fleetwood Mac, but I have both on my playlist.

 

3) In this duet, "lace" tells us she is stronger than we know and "leather" admits that sometimes he's vulnerable. Do either side of this lyrical equation apply to you? Do you think you're either tougher than people realize, or more sensitive than they know?

A. I think I am both tougher and more sensitive than people give me credit for. Many people think they know me, but they really don't.

 

4) Both Stevie and Don are born Westerners. Stevie spent her early childhood in Arizona and Don was born in Texas and stayed there through college. Today Stevie has two homes – one in Pacific Palisades and another in Phoenix – while Don has a beautiful home in Dallas. Do you feel rooted where you are? Or can you see yourself moving to another city or state in the future?

A. I have lived in the same house since 1987. I don't see myself going anywhere any time soon.

 

5) Stevie and Don were romantically involved in the 1970s, but after they broke up they remained friendly. Not only did they record this song in 1981, but they also went on tour together in 2005. Have you recently heard from an ex?

A. I have not heard from an ex in about 45 years.

6) Stevie admits a lifelong passion for Animal Crackers, those little cookies shaped like tigers, bears and elephants. Is your go-to snack sweet, like Stevie's, or is it salty?

A. I am afraid I have a bad sweet tooth, with a particular affinity for chocolate.

7) Don likes Velveeta on his burgers. Describe your ideal cheeseburger.

A. My ideal cheeseburger is a nice bun without seeds on it, a decent sized but not overly large hamburger patty, thick American cheese (like it used to be before the pandemic, not those anemic things they sell now as cheese), a piece of lettuce, a slice of tomato, and a little mayonnaise, mustard, and ketchup.

8) In 1981, when this song was popular, both Maserati and Mercedes Benz introduced luxury convertibles. Have you ever owned a convertible? Would a convertible be practical for your lifestyle?

A. I have never owned a convertible. I don't even use the moon roof on my Camry, so I don't think I would like a convertible. I'm not one for having pollen blown in my face while I drive.

 

9) Random question: What are you most looking forward to this week?

A. I am looking forward to seeing a dermatologist this week. Because I am in my 60s now and that is what you look forward to! Although I am also hoping maybe the bobcat will come around again. It was very cool to see that.

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I encourage you to visit the posts of other participants in Saturday 9 and leave a comment. Because there are no rules, it is your choice. Saturday 9 players hate rules. We love memes, however.